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Our study suggests that sleep physicians should pay attention to hidden or underdiagnosed psychiatric disorders when refugees complain of insomnia. This study was supported by grant No. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Psychiatry Investig v. Psychiatry Investig. Published online Oct Yu-Jin G. Find articles by Yu-Jin G. Find articles by Jin Yong Jun. Find articles by Yu Jin Lee.
Find articles by Juhyun Park. Find articles by Soohyun Kim. Find articles by So Hee Lee. Find articles by So Young Yu. Find articles by Seog Ju Kim. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Objective We investigated the prevalence of insomnia and its clinical characteristics in North Korean refugees.
Methods North Korean refugees living in South Korea 48 males, females; mean age Results North Korean refugees had insomnia more often than South Koreans did Insomnia assessment The presence or absence of insomnia was determined through a self-reported questionnaire regarding sleep experiences over the previous month including 1 difficulty initiating sleep, 2 difficulty maintaining sleep, and 3 early awakening and difficulty resuming sleep.
Statistical analyses Group differences in demographic variables involving continuous data were evaluated using independent t-tests or ANOVA. Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects. Open in a separate window. Depression and PTSD symptoms in subjects with and without insomnia When study subjects were divided into four groups based on origin and insomnia i.
Insomnia and PTSD symptoms in subjects with and without depression Study subjects were divided into four groups based on origin and depression i. Determinants of insomnia in North Korean refugees Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the determinants of insomnia in North Korean refugees.
Acknowledgments This study was supported by grant No. References 1. Bhugra D. Migration, distress and cultural identity. Br Med Bull. Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Traumatic experiences and mental health of North Korean refugees in South Korea. Psychiatry in former socialist countries: implications for North Korean psychiatry. The factors affecting the development of national identity as South Korean in North Korean refugees living in South Korea.
A phenomenological study on the experience of North Korean refugees. Nurs Sci Q. The psychological problems of North Korean adolescent refugees living in South Korea. Insomnia in a displaced population is related to war-associated remembered stress. Stress Health. Staner L. Comorbidity of insomnia and depression. Sleep Med Rev. Insomnia is the most commonly reported symptom and predicts other symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in US service members returning from military deployments.
Mil Med. The relationship between psychotic-like experiences and sleep disturbances in adolescents. Sleep Med. Biogenetic temperament and character in insomnia and depression. J Psychosom Res. J Nerv Ment Dis. Association between defense mechanisms and psychiatric symptoms in North Korean Refugees.
Compr Psychiatry. The association between alexithymia and posttraumatic stress symptoms following multiple exposures to traumatic events in North Korean refugees. The Impact of Event Scale-revised. New York: Guilford Press; Impact of event scale: a measure of subjective stress.
Psychosom Med. A study on reliability and validity of the Korean version of impact of event scale-revised. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric symptoms in North Korean defectors. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among North Korean defectors living in South Korea for more than one year. Trauma experience of North Korean refugees in China. Am J Prev Med. Correlation between traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder among North Korean defectors in South Korea.
J Trauma Stress. Post-traumatic stress disorder and somatization symptoms: a prospective study. Psychiatry Res.
Somatization among refugees: an epidemiologic study. Partial versus full PTSD in the Korean community: prevalence, duration, correlates, comorbidity, and dysfunctions.
Depress Anxiety. Prevalence of serious mental disorder in refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review. Repeat, the target has an abnormal situation. Unlike in peacetime combat, the Air Knights did not choose a low altitude that is easier to distinguish, but went straight into the sky from keto karma calculator the beginning, flying in the gap between the clouds.
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